Unit 6: Population ** đã có key cho bt ngữ pháp **

[hokcoten]

Population control

Population control is the practice of curtailing - to reduce population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate. Surviving records from Ancient Greece document the first known examples of population control. These include the colonization movement, which saw Greek outposts being built across the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins to accommodate - to provide accomodation the excess - vượt quá mức population of individual states. Infanticide, including abortion, was encouraged in some Greek city states in order to keep population down.

An important example of mandated population control is China's one-child policy, in which having more than one child is made extremely unattractive. This has led to allegations that practices like forced abortions - phá thai, forced sterilization - sự mất khả năng sinh con , and infanticide - to kill children are used as a result of the policy. The country's sex ratio - tỉ lệ at birth of 112 boys to 100 girls may be evidence that the latter is often sex-selective. However, other countries without a one-child policy also have similar sex ratios.

It is helpful to distinguish between fertility control as individual decision-making and population control as a governmental or state-level policy of regulating population growth. Fertility control may occur when individuals or couples or families take steps to decrease or to regulate the timing of their own child-bearing. In Ansley Coale's oft-cited formulation, three preconditions for a sustained decline in fertility are: (1) acceptance of calculated choice (as opposed to fate or chance or divine will) as a valid element in fertility, (2) perceived advantages from reduced fertility, and (3) knowledge and mastery of effective techniques of control.[5] In contrast to a society with natural fertility, a society that desires to limit fertility and has the means to do so may use those means to delay childbearing, space childbearing, or stop childbearing. Delaying sexual intercourse (or marriage), or the adoption of natural or artificial means of contraception - tránh thai are most often an individual or family decision, not a matter of a state policy or societal-wide sanctions. On the other hand, individuals who assume some sense of control over their own fertility can also accelerate the frequency or success of child-bearing through planning.

At the societal level, declining fertility is almost an inevitable result of growing secular education of women . However, the exercise of moderate - điều hoà to high levels of fertility control does not necessarily imply low fertility rates. Even among societies that exercise substantial fertility control, societies with an equal ability to exercise fertility control (to determine how many children to have and when to bear them) may display widely different levels of fertility (numbers of children borne) associated with individual and cultural preferences for the number of children or size of families

In contrast to fertility control, which is mainly an individual-level decision, governments may attempt to exercise population control by increasing access to means of contraception or by other population policies and programs. The idea of "population control" as a governmental or societal-level regulation of population growth does not require "fertility control" in the sense that it has been defined above, since a state can affect the growth of a society's population even if that society practices little fertility control. It's also important to embrace policies favoring population increase as an aspect of population control, and not to assume that states want to control population only by limiting its growth. To stimulate population growth, governments may support not only immigration but also pronatalist policies such as tax benefits, financial awards, paid work leaves, and childcare to encourage the bearing of additional children.Such policies have been pursued in recent years in France and Sweden, for example. With the same goal of increasing population growth, on occasion governments have sought to limit the use of abortion or modern means of birth control. An example was Romania's 1966 ban on access to contraception and abortion on demand.

In ecology, population control is on occasions considered to be done solely by predators, diseases, parasites, and environmental factors. At many times human effects on animal and plant populations are also considered.Migrations of animals may be seen as a natural way of population control, for the food on land is more abundant on some seasons. The area of the migrations' start is left to reproduce the food supply for large mass of animals next time around.

các từ màu da cam là các từ mới

[hokcoten]

Các đọc phân số:
Đối với tử số, ta dùng số đếm.
Đối với mẫu số, ta dùng số thứ tự.
Lưu ý: Khi tử số là số lớn hơn 1 thì mẫu số phải để ở dạng thêm s.
Vd: 1/3: one third
4/5: four fifths
3/1000: three thousandths
Đối với 1 số các phân số đặc biệt:
1/4: one forth hoặc a quarter.
1/2: a half
3/4: three forths hoặc three quarters.

Với các số có mẫu số lớn, gồm 3 chữ số trở lên thì mẫu số đọc từng số theo số đếm.
VD: 23/345: twenty three over three four five
Cách đọc số thập phân:
9.345: nine point three four five
1,000,000,000: one billion
2,000,000,000,000: two trillion
765: seven hundred and sixty five.

Practice:Ghi cách đọc các số sau: (có chữa rồi)

6/789:six over seven eight nine
45/67:forty-five over six seven
5345/6547: five thousand three hundred and forty-five over six five four seven
4.67: four point six seven
78.4355:seventy eight point four three double five
9,000,000,000: nine trillion
9,345,524,432,785:nine trillion three hundred and forty-five billion five hundred and twenty-four million four hundred and thirty-two thousand seven hundred and eighty-five!

[wellfrog]

Chữ màu cam khó đọc quá !MẮT tăng độ là bắt đền bạn đấy !
Bổ sung
- Còn nếu tử số có 2 chữ số mà mẫu số có 2 chữ số thì cũng đọc mẫu số theo từng số ( có over ở giữa )
15/23
fifteen over two three
Hổn số : đọc số nguyên bình thường đến AND sau đó đọc phân số theo cách trên
3 1/5 : three and one fifth

[nhócngốc]

Practice:Ghi cách đọc các số sau:
6/789: six over seven eight nine.
45/67: forty-five over six seven
5345/6547: five three four five over six five four seven
4.67: four point six seven
78.4355: seventy-eight point four three double five
9,000,000,000: nine billion
9,345,524,432,785: nine trillion three hundred forty-five billion five hundred twenty-four million four hundred thirdty-two thousand seven hundred eighty-five! (Đọc kiểu này dài mà phức tạp quá à , có lần thầy giáo tớ bảo là với những số thế này thì đọc theo kiểu như số điện thoại cũng được : nine three double five two double four three two seven eight five )

[nhuthao]

Practice:Ghi cách đọc các số sau:
6/789: six over seven eight nine.
45/67: forty-five over six seven
5345/6547: five three four five over six five four seven
4.67: four point six seven
78.4355: seventy-eight point four three double five
9,000,000,000: nine billion
9,345,524,432,785: nine trillion three hundred forty-five billion five hundred twenty-four million four hundred thirdty-two thousand seven hundred eighty-five

[hokcoten]

hì, Thảo và nhóc ngốc đọc thiếu rồi.

456 thì phải đọc là four hundred and fifty six. phải có 'and' đó

[trangmêôb]

6/789:six seventy hundred and eighty nineths
45/67: forty five over sixty sevens
5345/6547: five thousand three hundred and forty five over six thousand five hundred and forty sevens
4.67: four point six seven
78.4355: seven eight point four three double five
9,000,000,000: nine bilion
9,345,524,432,785: nine trillion three hundred and fourty five bilion five hundred and twenty four milion four hundred and thirsty two thousand seven hundred and eighty five( ai nghĩ ra số này đấy số "đẹp" thế)

tớ cũg nghĩ như nhoc ngoc đọc như thế đơn jản hơn, như này loạn

[hokcoten]

Bài tập ngữ pháp nhé ,xin lỗi vì đưa lên muộn

I. Choose the best answer:
1.Her _________ include tennis and painting.
A. actives B.acts C.actions D.activitites.
2. _______ of births, marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers.
A. Announces B. Announcers C.Announcements D.announcing
3. There is a little ______ that he will pass.
A.probable B.probability C.probably D.improbability
4. His ambition is ______.
A.limitless B.limited C.limiting D.limitation
5. Many big cities in the world are now _______.
A.populating B.populated C.overpopulating D.overpopulated.
6. We know our _______.
A. limit B.limits C.limiting D.limitations
7. ______ food is quick and easy to cook.
A.Freeze B.Freezer C.Freezing D.Frozen
8. He begged her ______ to stop.
A.repeat B.repeated C.repeatedly D.repetitive

II. Choose the correct preposition:
1.I'm thoroughly dissatisfied ______ your work.
A.by B.to C.in D.with
2. Which journals do you subscribe _____?
A. to B.for C.over D.with
3. Have the authorities been notified _____ this incident?
A.to B.with C.of D.by
4. We should be punctual ______ any appointments.
A.for B.with C.in D.to
5. She has notified a loss _____ the police.
A.for B.with C.by D.to
6. This was sent _____ fax.
A.through B.to C.by D.out of
7. He doesn't feel secure _____ his future.
A.of B.about C.with D.for
8. When you are insured, you are secure ____ loss.
A.from B.about C.of D.against
9.She left the job ____ notice.
A.out of B.for C.without D.on
10. I am not ______ the least worried about her. She can get by, I think.
A. in B.at C.of D.on

III.Choose one suitable word to fill in the blank:
Words: control, decreasing, limit, international, individual, raised, metals, distribution, available, average, famine, population.

1. What is the _____ of your country? Is it increasing?
2. _____ are one kind of natural resource.
3. The population of Ireland is ______. There are fewer people now than 10 years ago.
4. The ______ of 8;5;9;3 and 6 is 6.2.
5. Some children behave badly and their parents can't ______ them.
6.Coffee is ____ in Central and South America.
7. When there is a _______ in a country, other countries send food for ____ to the hungry people.
8. Every person in the class is a different kind of ________.
9. People build houses of materials that are _______ in the area.
10. The United Nations is an _____ organization.

IV. Choose A, B, C or D that best fits each space in the following passage:

The growth of population has its problems as we shall see. As there are more and more mouths (1), there comes a great strain (2) the resources of a country; this is real in the (3) of developing countries with the result they are unable to push ahead (4). As food is not sufficient, there is a chronic malnutrition in these countries especially in women and children resulting in weaker population (5) would only economically be drain on the country as their (6) will be short. As health and education are the State's (7), they affect the country's finances. So in developing countries health and (8) continued to be the problem. The unwieldy growth of population leads to the problem of (9) and sanitation. In many countries the slums are (10) to the eyes. Slums grow around big cities and are found with all the drawbacks. These are the areas of disease, filth and crime.

1.A.to be fed B.to feed C.for feeding D.fed
2.A.to B.for C.down D.on
3.A.event B.case C.place D.circumstance
4.A.economy B.economics C.economically D.economists
5.A.which B.those C.who D.these
6.A.producing B.production C.produced D.productive
7. A.affair B.work C.job D.problem
8. A.illiterate B.literacy C.illiteracy D.literature
9.A.houses B.housing C.household D.rehousing
10.A.wound B.pain C.hurt D.sore

V. Rewrite these sentences:
1. If you ask me nicely, I'll mend it for you.
=> Ask ____________________
2. If you crash my car, I'll never forgive you.
=> Don't ________________
3. My father didn't earn much money, so life wasn't easy for us.
=> If _________________________
4. Unless he chooses his words more carefully, he'll be in trouble.
=> If ________________________
5. If you gave me $10,000, I still wouldn't go down a coal mine. (even if)
=> I ______________________________
6. I'll lend you my book if you let me have it back on Monday. (on the condition that)
=> I'll ________________
7. If you look after it, I'll let you keep my bicycle till the weekend. (providing that)
=> I'll _______________________
8. IF you don't stop shouting, I'll slap you.
=> Stop _______________
9. If you don't tell anyone else, I'll tell you what happened. (so long as)
=> I'll __________________
10. If it is a holiday on Monday, we can drive to the seaside. (assuming that)
=> We ______________

làm bài tập nhé

[wellfrog]

Phần phân số em nên kết sổ lại đi trước khi qua phần mới để khỏi lẫn lộn ,vã lại cũng lâu rồi .

[nhócngốc]

I. Choose the best answer:
1.Her _________ include tennis and painting.
A. actives B.acts C.actions D.activitites.
2. _______ of births, marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers.
A. Announces B. Announcers C.Announcements D.announcing
3. There is a little ______ that he will pass.
A.probable B.probability C.probably D.improbability
4. His ambition is ______.
A.limitless B.limited C.limiting D.limitation
5. Many big cities in the world are now _______.
A.populating B.populated C.overpopulating D.overpopulated.
6. We know our _______.
A. limit B.limits C.limiting D.limitations
7. ______ food is quick and easy to cook.
A.Freeze B.Freezer C.Freezing D.Frozen
8. He begged her ______ to stop.
A.repeat B.repeated C.repeatedly D.repetitive

II. Choose the correct preposition:
1.I'm thoroughly dissatisfied ______ your work.
A.by B.to C.in D.with
2. Which journals do you subscribe _____?
A. to B.for C.over D.with
3. Have the authorities been notified _____ this incident?
A.to B.with C.of D.by4. We should be punctual ______ any appointments.
A.for B.with C.in D.to
5. She has notified a loss _____ the police.
A.for B.with C.by D.to
6. This was sent _____ fax.
A.through B.to C.by D.out of
7. He doesn't feel secure _____ his future.
A.of B.about C.with D.for
8. When you are insured, you are secure ____ loss.
A.from B.about C.of D.against
9.She left the job ____ notice.
A.out of B.for C.without D.on
10. I am not ______ the least worried about her. She can get by, I think.
A. in B.at C.of D.on

III.Choose one suitable word to fill in the blank:
Words: control, decreasing, limit, international, individual, raised, metals, distribution, available, average, famine, population.
1. What is the __population___ of your country? Is it increasing?
2. __metals___ are one kind of natural resource.
3. The population of Ireland is __decreasing____. There are fewer people now than 10 years ago.
4. The __average____ of 8;5;9;3 and 6 is 6.2.
5. Some children behave badly and their parents can't ___control___ them.
6.Coffee is _raised___ in Central and South America.
7. When there is a _famine_ in a country, other countries send food for _distribution_ to the hungry people.
8. Every person in the class is a different kind of __individual______.
9. People build houses of materials that are ___available____ in the area.
10. The United Nations is an __international___ organization.

IV. Choose A, B, C or D that best fits each space in the following passage:The growth of population has its problems as we shall see. As there are more and more mouths (1), there comes a great strain (2) the resources of a country; this is real in the (3) of developing countries with the result they are unable to push ahead (4). As food is not sufficient, there is a chronic malnutrition in these countries especially in women and children resulting in weaker population (5) would only economically be drain on the country as their (6) will be short. As health and education are the State's (7), they affect the country's finances. So in developing countries health and (8) continued to be the problem. The unwieldy growth of population leads to the problem of (9) and sanitation. In many countries the slums are (10) to the eyes. Slums grow around big cities and are found with all the drawbacks. These are the areas of disease, filth and crime.

1.A.to be fed B.to feed C.for feeding D.fed
2.A.to B.for C.down D.on
3.A.event B.case C.place D.circumstance
4.A.economy B.economics C.economically D.economists
5.A.which B.those C.who D.these
6.A.producing B.production C.produced D.productive
7. A.affair B.work C.job D.problem
8. A.illiterate B.literacy C.illiteracy D.literature
9.A.houses B.housing C.household D.rehousing
10.A.wound B.pain C.hurt D.sore

V. Rewrite these sentences:(bài này chắc sai lia lịa !!!)
1. If you ask me nicely, I'll mend it for you.
=> Ask me nicely or I won't mend it for you.
2. If you crash my car, I'll never forgive you.
=> Don't crash my car, otherwise, I will never forgive you.
3. My father didn't earn much money, so life wasn't easy for us.
=> If my father had earned much money, life would have been easy for us.
4. Unless he chooses his words more carefully, he'll be in trouble.
=> If he doesn't choose his words more carefully, he'll be in trouble.
5. If you gave me $10,000, I still wouldn't go down a coal mine. (even if)
=> I still wouldn't go down a coal mine even if you gave me $10,000.
6. I'll lend you my book if you let me have it back on Monday. (on the condition that)
=> I'll lend you my book on the condition that you let me have it back on Monday.
7. If you look after it, I'll let you keep my bicycle till the weekend. (providing that)
=> I'll let you keep my bicycle till the weekend providing that you look after it.
8. IF you don't stop shouting, I'll slap you.
=> Stop shouting or I'll slap you.
9. If you don't tell anyone else, I'll tell you what happened. (so long as)
=> I'll tell you what happended so long as you don't tell anyone else.
10. If it is a holiday on Monday, we can drive to the seaside. (assuming that)
=> We can drive to the seaside assuming that it is a holiday on Monday.
He he, hokcoten check giùm Nhóc với nha !